Volume 5. Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I.

Konur, O., Ed. 2023. Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003226567 378 pp., eBook ISBN: 9781003226567.

This book aims to inform readers about the recent developments in the evaluation and utilization of bioethanol fuels. It covers the evaluation and utilization of bioethanol fuels in general, gasoline fuels, nanotechnology applications in bioethanol fuels, utilization of bioethanol fuels in transport engines, evaluation of bioethanol fuels, utilization of bioethanol fuels in general, and development and utilization of bioethanol fuel sensors.

This book is the fifth volume in the Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels (Six-Volume Set). It indicates that research on the evaluation and utilization of bioethanol fuels has intensified in recent years to become a major part of bioenergy and biofuels research together primarily with biodiesel, biohydrogen, and biogas research as a sustainable alternative to crude oil-based gasoline and petrodiesel fuels as well as natural gas and syngas.

This book is a valuable resource for stakeholders primarily in the research fields of energy and fuels, chemical engineering, environmental science and engineering, biotechnology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, mechanical engineering, agricultural sciences, food science and engineering, materials science, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology, plant sciences, water resources, economics, business and management, transportation science and technology, ecology, public, environmental and occupational health, social sciences, toxicology, multidisciplinary sciences, and humanities, among others.

Part 24. Introduction to the Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels 153 pp.

76 Konur, O. 2023bo. Bioethanol fuel evaluation and utilization: Scientometric study. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5. Ed. O. Konur, pp. 3-24. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 22 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels. The research in the field of utilization and evaluation of bioethanol fuels has also intensified in recent years. The primary focus of the research in this area has been the utilization of bioethanol fuels in fuel cells, evaluation of bioethanol fuels, utilization of bioethanol fuels in the transport engines, production of biohydrogen fuels from bioethanol fuels, and to a lesser extent the experiences of countries, development and utilization of bioethanol sensors, and production of biochemicals from bioethanol fuels. Additionally, the research on the gasoline fuels and applications of nanotechnology has also been related to this field. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. As there have been no scientometric studies in this field, this book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in this field. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, keywords, and research fronts.

77 Konur, O. 2023bp. Bioethanol fuel evaluation and utilization: Review. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5. Ed. O. Konur, pp. 25-42. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 18 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline and petrodiesel fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. The research in the field of utilization and evaluation of bioethanol fuels has also intensified in recent years. The primary focus of the research in this area has been the utilization of bioethanol fuels in fuel cells, evaluation of bioethanol fuels, utilization of bioethanol fuels for biohydrogen production for fuel cells, and to a lesser extent bioethanol sensors, utilization of bioethanol fuels in transportation such as gasoline engines. Additionally, the research on the gasoline fuels and applications of nanotechnology in this field has also been related to this field. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there has been a number of review papers on the evaluation and utilization of bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. Thus, this book chapter presents a review of the most-cited 25 articles in these fields. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.

78 Konur, O. 2023bq. Bioethanol fuel evaluation and utilization: Hot papers, scientometric study. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 43-67. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 25 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels and in biochemical production in a biorefinery context. Research in the field of utilization and evaluation of bioethanol fuels has also intensified in recent years. The primary focus of research in this area has been the utilization of bioethanol fuels in transportation such as gasoline engines, utilization of bioethanol fuels in fuel cells, bioethanol sensors, and to a lesser extent evaluation of bioethanol fuels, utilization of bioethanol fuels for biohydrogen production for fuel cells, utilization of bioethanol fuels for biochemical production, and country-based experiences of bioethanol fuels. Additionally, the research on gasoline fuels and applications of nanotechnology has also been related to this field. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. As there have been no scientometric studies on bioethanol evaluation and utilization, this book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in bioethanol evaluation and utilization. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data for the period between 2016 and 2021, presenting scientometric characteristics of both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, keywords, and research fronts.

79 Konur, O. 2023br. Bioethanol fuel evaluation and utilization: Hot papers, review. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 68-86. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 19 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline and petrodiesel fuels, in fuel cells, and in biochemical and biohydrogen production in a biorefinery context. Hence, research in the fields of utilization of bioethanol fuels in fuel cells, bioethanol sensors, utilization of bioethanol fuels in transportation such as gasoline engines, utilization of bioethanol fuels for biochemical production, evaluation of bioethanol fuels, and utilization of bioethanol fuels for biohydrogen production for fuel cells has intensified in recent years. Further, the application of nanotechnology in this field has been very intensive. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a number of review papers on the evaluation and utilization of bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the 25 most cited articles in this field published between 2016 and 2021. Thus, this book chapter presents a review of these 25 most cited articles in these fields. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.

80 Konur, O. 2023bs. Gasoline fuels: Scientometric study. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 87-106. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 20 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse impact of these fuels on both the environment and human health. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels and other bioalcohol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels in recent years to reduce their adverse effects. In this context, there has been intense research in the research fronts of emissions, blends with bioethanol fuels and other bioalcohols, combustion, economics, production, and, to a lesser extent, the environmental impact, properties, desulfurization, and health impact of gasoline fuels. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. This is especially important as the funding rate for gasoline fuel research has been relatively very low. The scientometric analysis has been used in this context to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in a selected research field. However, there has been no scientometric study of the research in the field of the gasoline fuels despite its great public importance. This book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in this field. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data presenting the scientometric characteristics of these two datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, keywords, and research fronts.

81 Konur, O. 2023bt. Gasoline fuels: Review. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 107-119. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 13 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels and other bioalcohol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels in recent years to reduce their adverse effects. In this context, there has been intense research in the research fronts of emissions, blends with bioethanol fuels and other bioalcohols, combustion, economics, production, and to a lesser extent the environmental impact, properties, desulfurization, and health impact of gasoline fuels. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a number of review papers on gasoline fuels and their bioalcohol blends in general, there has been no review of the research in the 25 most cited articles in this field. This book chapter presents a review of the research of the 25 most cited articles related to gasoline fuels and their bioalcohol blends. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on future research priorities in this field.

82 Konur, O. 2023bu. Nanotechnology applications in bioethanol fuels: Scientometric study. In Bioethanol Fuel Production Processes I: Biomass Pretreatments, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 1, Ed. O. Konur, 120-139. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 20 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline and petrodiesel fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels as well as petrodiesel fuels in recent years. In the meantime, the research in the nanomaterials and nanotechnology has intensified in recent years to become a major research field in the scientific research. Thus, a large number of nanomaterials have been developed nearly for nearly every research field. These materials offer an innovative way to increase the efficiency in the production and utilization of bioethanol fuels as in the other scientific fields. The research in this field has particularly intensified the fields of sensing of bioethanol gas, oxidation of bioethanol fuels for the fuel cell applications, and to a lesser extent the production of bioethanol fuels, production of biohydrogen fuels from bioethanol fuels, utilization of bioethanol fuels in the transport engines, and production of biochemicals from bioethanol fuels. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. The scientometric analysis has been used to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in a selected research field. Although there have been a number of scientometric studies on bioethanol fuels, there has been no scientometric study of the research in the field of the nanotechnology applications in bioethanol fuels. This book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in this field. It examines the scientometric characteristics of the sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, keywords, and research fronts.

83 Konur, O. 2023bv. Nanotechnology applications in bioethanol fuels: Review. In Bioethanol Fuel Production Processes I: Biomass Pretreatments, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 1, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 140-153. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 14 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels. In the meantime, the research in the nanomaterials and nanotechnology has intensified in recent years to become a major research field in the scientific research. Thus, a large number of nanomaterials have been developed nearly for nearly every research field. These materials offer an innovative way to increase the efficiency in the production and utilization of bioethanol fuels as in the other scientific fields. The research in this field has particularly intensified the fields of sensing of bioethanol gas, oxidation of bioethanol fuels for the fuel cell applications, and to a lesser extent production of bioethanol fuels from syngas and production of biohydrogen fuels from bioethanol fuels. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a limited number of review papers on the nanotechnology applications in bioethanol fuels, there have been no review of the research of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. This book chapter presents a review of the research of the most-cited 25 articles in the nanotechnology applications in bioethanol fuels. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.

Part 25. Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels in the Transport Engines 37 pp.

84 Konur, O. 2023bw. Utilization of bioethanol fuels in the transport engines: Scientometric study. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 157-175. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 19 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline and petrodiesel fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels as well as petrodiesel fuels in recent years. In this context, the research has intensified in the research fronts of engine emissions, fuel combustion, engine performance, fuel properties, and to a lesser extent gasoline engine and health impact of bioethanol fuels. The focus has also been on the utilization of bioethanol fuels in blending with both gasoline fuels and petrodiesel fuels in gasoline and diesel engines, respectively. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. The scientometric analysis has been used to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in a selected research field. Although there have been a number of scientometric studies on bioethanol fuels, there has been no scientometric study of the research in the field of the utilization of bioethanol fuels in the transport engines. This book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in this field. It examines the scientometric characteristics of the sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, keywords, and research fronts.

85 Konur, O. 2023bx. Utilization of bioethanol fuels in the transport engines: Review. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 176-191. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 16 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline and petrodiesel fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels as well as petrodiesel fuels in recent years. In this context, the research has intensified in the research fronts of engine emissions, fuel combustion, and to a lesser extent engine performance, fuel properties, gasoline engine, and health impact of bioethanol fuels. The focus has also been on the utilization of bioethanol fuels in blending with both gasoline fuels and petrodiesel fuels in gasoline and diesel engines, respectively. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a number of review papers on the bioethanol fuels in the transport engines, there has been no review of the research of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. This book chapter presents a review of the research of the most-cited 25 articles in the field of the utilization of the bioethanol fuels in the transport engines. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.

Part 26. Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels 74 pp.

86 Konur, O. 2023by. Evaluation of bioethanol fuels: Scientometric study. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 195-213. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 19 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline and petrodiesel fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have been increasingly used in blending gasoline fuels and petrodiesel fuels in recent years. There has been a significant focus on the evaluative studies in bioethanol fuels. The research has progressed in the research fronts of environmental issues, technoeconomics, technoassessment, and, to a lesser extent, policy, economics, and business. Furthermore, environmental issues included the research fronts of emissions and, to a lesser extent, life cycle assessment, land use, water consumption, and other issues. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for primary stakeholders to enhance research in this field. The scientometric analysis has been used to inform primary stakeholders about the current state of research in a selected research field. Although there have been a number of scientometric studies on bioethanol fuels, there has been no scientometric study of the research in the field of the evaluative studies in bioethanol fuels. This book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in the field of the evaluative studies in bioethanol fuels. It examines the scientometric characteristics of the sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, keywords, and research fronts.

87 Konur, O. 2023bz. Evaluation of bioethanol fuels: Review. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 214-232. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 19 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline and petrodiesel fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental impact and sustainability of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels and petrodiesel fuels in recent years. There has been a significant focus on the evaluative studies in bioethanol fuels. The research in this field has progressed in the research fronts of the environmental impact of bioethanol fuels, technoeconomics of bioethanol fuels, and, to a lesser extent, energy assessments of bioethanol fuels and policy and economic issues in bioethanol fuel production. Furthermore, the secondary research fronts for the first research front have been emissions during the production and utilization of bioethanol fuels and, to a lesser extent, life cycle assessment of bioethanol fuels and other environmental issues. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a number of reviews on the evaluative studies in bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the research of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. This book chapter presents a review of the research of the most-cited 25 articles in the field of the evaluative studies in bioethanol fuels. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.

• Cortez, L. (2023). Impact of corn ethanol production in land use in Brazil. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, O. Konur, pp. 233-247. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 15 pp. Luis A. B. Cortez.

Historically, land occupation can be considered a hot issue in the new continent, the Americas. Presently Brazil is perhaps the most emblematic country concerning land occupation because of its vast dimension and tropical rain forest which covers great part of the country. Land occupation in Brazil was a combined process involving colonization, aggression to local population and deforestation. Surprisingly today, still almost 60% of original forest is preserved, although the great majority of indigenous population was decimated. The Brazilian Amazon Forest covers almost 50% of the Brazilian territory and is threatened mainly by deforestation caused primarily by extensive pastureland. Pastureland occupies nearly 200 Mha in Brazil, representing nearly 23% of total Brazilian territory. This chapter analyzes a strategy of stopping illegal deforestation and freeing land by implementing a large-scale corn ethanol program in Brazil. Corn ethanol is extensively used in the USA integrated with beef cattle. If the US methodology is adopted in Brazil, not only the deforestation could be indirectly reduced but a great amount of land could be freed to other important uses such as food production and the return of land to forest and biodiversity. For this, the indirect land use change (iLUC) concept is discussed and different scenarios are presented. The objective here is to demonstrate that contrarily to what many specialists and public believes, corn ethanol can help Brazil to significantly improve its land use and sustainability indicators and help to preserve the Brazilian Amazon Forest. To accomplish these goals, Brazil should implement anticyclical policies to construct a new model of national development, involving the present stakeholders in this challenging process.

• Moreira, J.R.; Goldemberg, J. (2023). Ethanol fuel from sugar cane-present and future contribution to climate change mitigation. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production I: Non-Waste Feedstocks: Starch, Sugar, Grass, Wood, Cellulose, Algae, and Biosyngas-based Bioethanol Fuels. Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 3, O. Konur, pp. 248-266. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 19 pp. Jose R. Moreira, José Goldemberg

Significant changes in the road transportation sector are being forecasted for the following decade due to global environmental concerns, with the leading strategy being vehicles with total or partial electrification. In this text, we discuss sugarcane ethanol relevance as part of this context and call attention to the fact that its potential has been frequently underestimated. Hybrid vehicles fed with neat ethanol or high ethanol blends can lead to greater GHG emission reduction compared with conventional and battery ones. Furthermore, due to the efficiency improvements in hybrid vehicles, and the use of the full potential of sugarcane coproducts, the land area required for their feedstock production is significantly reduced when compared with conventional cars using straight ethanol. The traditional first generation sugarcane ethanol production route already provides lower GHG emissions compared with fossil fuels, and technical improvements in bioelectricity generation and use of carbon capture and storage (CCS), both already commercially used, can enlarge this gap, making it a serious competitor with electric vehicles.

Part 27. Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels 46 pp.

• Konur, O. 2023ca. Utilization of bioethanol fuels: Scientometric study. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, O. Konur, pp. 269-293. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 25 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels as well as diesel fuels. Research in field of utilization of bioethanol fuels has also intensified in recent years. The primary focus of research in this area has been utilization of bioethanol fuels in fuel cells, utilization of bioethanol fuels in gasoline and diesel engines, production of biohydrogen fuels from bioethanol fuels for fuel cells, and, to a lesser extent, the development and utilization of bioethanol sensors and production of biochemicals from bioethanol fuels. Additionally, research on gasoline fuels and applications of nanotechnology in this field have also been closely related to this field. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance research in this field. As there have been no scientometric studies in this field, this book chapter presents a scientometric study of research in this field. It examines scientometric characteristics of both sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, keywords, and research fronts.

91 Konur, O. 2023cb. Utilization of bioethanol fuels: Review. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 294-312. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 19 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, and in biochemical production in a biorefinery context. The primary focus of the research in this area has been the utilization of bioethanol fuels in fuel cells, utilization of bioethanol fuels in gasoline and diesel engines, production of biohydrogen fuels from bioethanol fuels, development and utilization of bioethanol sensors, and production of biochemicals from bioethanol fuels. Additionally, the research on gasoline fuels and applications of nanotechnology in this field has also been closely related to this field. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been several review papers on the evaluation and utilization of bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the 25 most-cited articles in this field. Thus, this book chapter presents a review of the 25 most-cited articles in these fields. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on future research priorities in this field.

Part 28. Bioethanol Fuel Sensors 33 pp.

• Konur, O. 2023cc. Bioethanol fuel sensors: Scientometric study. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, O. Konur, pp. 315-332. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 19 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels and petrodiesel fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental impact and sustainability of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels and petrodiesel fuels in recent years. In this context, there has been a significant focus on bioethanol fuel sensors. There are three primary research fronts in this field: zinc oxide (ZnO)-based bioethanol fuel sensors, tin oxide (SnO₂)-based bioethanol fuel sensors, and other material-based bioethanol fuel sensors. Furthermore, there are further research fronts within each of these research fronts: nanomaterial-based sensors and conventional material-based sensors. In the meantime, the research in nanomaterials and nanotechnology has intensified in recent years to become a major research field in scientific research with over one and a half million published papers. In this context, a large number of nanomaterials have been developed nearly for every research field. These materials offer an innovative way to increase the efficiency in the production and utilization of bioethanol fuels as in the other scientific fields. Similarly, there has been intense research in the field of sensors in recent years. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. The scientometric analysis has been used in this context to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in a selected research field. As there has not been any scientometric study on bioethanol fuel sensors, this book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in bioethanol fuel sensors. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data presenting the scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, keywords, and research fronts.

93 Konur, O. 2023cd. Bioethanol fuel sensors: Review. In Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels I; Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuels, Transport Engines, and Bioethanol Sensors, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 5, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 333-345. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 13 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have been increasingly used in blending gasoline fuels. In this context, there has been a significant focus on bioethanol fuel sensors. Research in this field has intensified in the research fronts of zinc oxide (ZnO)-based bioethanol fuel sensors, tin oxide (SnO2)-based bioethanol fuel sensors, and other material-based bioethanol fuel sensors such as thin film- and oxide-based bioethanol sensors. Furthermore, there have been further research fronts within each of these research fronts: nanomaterial-based bioethanol sensors and conventional material-based bioethanol sensors. However, the focus of the research has been on nanomaterial-based bioethanol sensors. In the meantime, the research in nanotechnology has intensified in recent years to become a major research field in scientific research. These materials offer an innovative way to increase the efficiency of the production and utilization of bioethanol fuels as in other scientific fields. Similarly, there has been intense research in the field of sensors in recent years. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for primary stakeholders to enhance research in this field. Although there have been a number of review papers on bioethanol fuel sensors, there has been no review of research of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. This book chapter presents a review of research of the most-cited 25 articles in bioethanol fuel sensors. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on future research priorities in this field.