Volume 4. Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production. II. Waste Feedstocks

Konur, O., Ed. 2023. Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003226550 402 pp., eBook ISBN: 9781003226550.

This book provides an overview of research on the production of bioethanol fuels from waste feedstocks such as second-generation residual sugar and starch feedstocks, food waste, industrial waste, urban waste, forestry waste, and lignocellulosic biomass at large with 17 chapters. In this context, there are eight sections where the first two chapters cover the production of bioethanol fuels from waste feedstocks at large.

This book is the fourth volume in the Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels (Six-Volume Set). It shows that pretreatments and hydrolysis of the waste feedstocks, fermentation of hydrolysates, and separation and distillation of bioethanol fuels are the fundamental processes for bioethanol fuel production from these waste feedstocks.

This book is a valuable resource for stakeholders primarily in research fields of energy and fuels, chemical engineering, environmental science and engineering, biotechnology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, mechanical engineering, agricultural sciences, food science and engineering, materials science, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, plant sciences, water resources, economics, business and management, transportation science and technology, ecology, public, environmental and occupational health, social sciences, toxicology, multi-disciplinary sciences, and humanities among others.

Part 16. Introduction to Second Generation Waste Biomass-based Bioethanol Fuels 49 pp.

59 Konur, O. 2023ay. Second generation waste biomass-based bioethanol fuels: Scientometric study. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 3-29. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 27 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in fuel cells, and in biochemical production in a biorefinery context. Bioethanol fuels also play a critical role in maintaining energy security in supply shocks related to oil price shocks, the COVID-19 pandemic, or wars in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to bioethanol production through the hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates, respectively. One of the most-studied feedstocks for bioethanol fuels has been waste biomass. The research in the field of second generation waste biomass-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of waste biomass and to a lesser extent fermentation of waste biomass-based hydrolysates, and production and evaluation of second generation waste biomass-based bioethanol fuels. The research in this field has also intensified for the feedstocks of lignocellulosic biomass at large, residual starch feedstocks, industrial wastes, residual sugar feedstocks, and to a lesser extent urban wastes, food wastes, and forestry wastes. Thus, it emerges as a distinctive research field, complementing the primary research on first generation bioethanol fuels from non-waste feedstocks such as starch and sugar feedstocks as well as grass, wood, algae, and biosyngas among others. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Scientometric analysis has been used in this context to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in this research field. As there have been no published scientometric studies in this field, this chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in second generation waste biomass-based bioethanol fuels. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data presenting the scientometric characteristics of both these datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, Scopus keywords, and research fronts.

60 Konur, O. 2023az. Second generation waste biomass-based bioethanol fuels: Review. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 30-49. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 20 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in fuel cells, and in biochemical production in a biorefinery context. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to bioethanol fuel production from the feedstocks through the hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates. One of the most studied feedstocks for bioethanol fuels has been the waste biomass. The research in the field of second generation waste biomass-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the waste biomass, and to a lesser extent, fermentation of the waste biomass-based hydrolysates, and the production and evaluation of the second generation waste biomass-based bioethanol fuels. The research in this field has also intensified for the feedstocks of the residual starch feedstocks such as corn stover and wheat straw, lignocellulosic biomass at large, and to a lesser extent, industrial wastes such as glycerol and residual sugar feedstocks such as sugarcane bagasse. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance research in this field. Although there has been a number of review papers on waste biomass-based bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. Thus, this chapter presents a review of these most-cited 25 articles. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.

Part 17. Second Generation Bioethanol Fuels from Residual Sugar Feedstocks 48 pp.

61 Konur, O. 2023ba. Second generation bioethanol fuels from residual sugar feedstocks: Scientometric study. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 53-78. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 26 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. Bioethanol fuels also play a critical role in maintaining the energy security in the supply shocks related to oil price shocks, COVID-19 pandemics, or wars in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol production through the hydrolysis and fermentation of the biomass and hydrolysates, respectively. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels have been the residual sugar feedstocks such as residues of sugarcane, sweet sorghum, sugar beet, and energy cane. The research in the field of the second generation bioethanol fuels from residual sugar feedstocks has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the residual sugar feedstocks, and to a lesser extent fermentation of the residual sugar feedstock-based hydrolysates, and production and evaluation of the second generation bioethanol fuels from residual sugar feedstocks. The most prolific pretreatments have been chemical, enzymatic, and to a lesser extent hydrothermal, mechanical, and microbial pretreatments of the biomass at the macro scale and acid, alkaline, steam explosion, liquid hot water, and to a lesser extent ionic liquid, solvent, ultrasound, ammonia, surfactant, sulfur dioxide, ozonolysis, and milling pretreatments at the micro scale. Further, the sugarcane bagasse and to a lesser extent sugarcane straw, sweet sorghum bagasse, sugarcane molasses, sugar beet pulp, sugarcane vinasse, sugar beet molasses, and energy cane bagasse have been studied intensively in this context. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. The scientometric analysis has been used in this context to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in a selected research field. As there have been no published scientometric studies in this field, this book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in the second generation bioethanol fuels from residual sugar feedstocks. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, Scopus keywords, and research fronts.

62 Konur, O. 2023bb. Second generation bioethanol fuels from residual sugar feedstocks: Review. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 79-98. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 20 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in fuel cells, and in biochemical production in a biorefinery context. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of bioethanol prior to bioethanol fuel production from sugar feedstocks through the hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates. One of the most-studied feedstocks for bioethanol fuels has been residual sugar feedstocks such as sugarcane, sweet sorghum, sugar beet, and energy cane residues. The research in the field of second generation bioethanol fuels from residual sugar feedstocks has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of residual sugar feedstocks, fermentation of the residual sugar feedstock-based hydrolysates, production of second generation bioethanol fuels from residual sugar feedstocks, and to a lesser extent evaluation of second generation bioethanol fuels from residual sugar feedstocks. The most prolific pretreatments have been chemical, acid, enzymatic, alkaline, and to a lesser extent steam explosion, mechanical, microwave, liquid hot water, solvent, ionic liquid, ammonia, and milling pretreatments. Further, sugarcane bagasse, and to a lesser extent sugarcane straw, sorghum bagasse, sweet sorghum straw, and energy cane bagasse have been studied intensively in this context. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a number of review papers on bioethanol fuels from residual sugar feedstocks, there has been no review of the 25 most-cited articles in this field. Thus, this chapter presents a review of these 25 most-cited articles. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on future research priorities in this field.

Part 18. Second Generation Bioethanol Fuels from Residual Starch Feedstocks 46 pp.

63 Konur, O. 2023bc. Second generation bioethanol fuels from residual starch feedstocks: Scientometric study. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 101-125. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 25 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. Bioethanol fuels also play a critical role in maintaining the energy security in the supply shocks related to oil price shocks, COVID-19 pandemics, or wars in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol production through the hydrolysis and fermentation of the biomass and hydrolysates, respectively. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels has been the residual starch feedstocks such as corn, wheat, rice, rye straw, barley, and sorghum residues. The research in the field of the second generation bioethanol fuels from residual starch feedstocks has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the residual starch feedstocks, and to a lesser extent fermentation of the residual starch feedstock-based hydrolysates, and production and evaluation of the second generation bioethanol fuels from residual starch feedstocks. The most prolific pretreatments have been enzymatic, chemical, acid, hydrothermal, alkaline, ammonia, steam explosion, mechanical, hydrogen peroxide, solvent, liquid hot water, milling, ionic liquid, wet oxidation, sulfur dioxide, microwave, hot compressed water, surfactant, and ultrasound pretreatments. Further, the corn stover and wheat straw, rice straw, and to a lesser extent other corn residues, other rice residues, barley straw, rye straw, and sorghum residues have been studied intensively in this context. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. The scientometric analysis has been used in this context to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in a selected research field. As there have been no published scientometric studies in this field, this book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in the second generation bioethanol fuels from residual starch feedstocks. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, Scopus keywords, and research fronts.

64 Konur, O. 2023bd. Second generation bioethanol fuels from residual starch feedstocks: Review. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 126-144. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 19 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in fuel cells, and in biochemical production in a biorefinery context. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of bioethanol prior to bioethanol fuel production from feedstocks through hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates, respectively. One of the most-studied feedstocks for bioethanol fuels has been residual starch feedstocks such as corn, wheat, rice, rye, and barley residues. The research in the field of second generation bioethanol fuels from residual starch feedstocks has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of residual starch feedstocks and to a lesser extent the fermentation of residual starch feedstock-based hydrolysates and the production and evaluation of second generation bioethanol fuels from residual starch feedstocks. The most prolific pretreatments have been chemical, acid, alkaline, hydrothermal, ammonia, liquid hot water, and to a lesser extent steam explosion, wet oxidation, and SO2 pretreatments. Further, corn stover and wheat straw and to a lesser extent rice straw, rye straw, and barley straw have been studied intensively in this context. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a limited number of review papers on bioethanol fuels from residual starch feedstocks, there has been no review of the 25 most-cited articles in this field. Thus, this chapter presents a review of these 25 most-cited articles. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on future research priorities in this field.

Part 19. Second Generation Food Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels 44 pp.

65 Konur, O. 2023be. Second generation food waste-based bioethanol fuels: Scientometric study. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 147-172. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 26 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impacts of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in fuel cells, and in biochemical production in a biorefinery context. Bioethanol fuels also play a critical role in maintaining energy security in the supply shocks related to oil price shocks, COVID-19 pandemics, or wars in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol production through the hydrolysis and fermentation of the biomass and hydrolysates, respectively. One of the most studied feedstocks for bioethanol fuels has been food wastes such as fruit, vegetable, beverage, and dairy wastes. In this context, the research in the field of second generation food waste-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in the key research fronts of pretreatment and hydrolysis of the food wastes, fermentation of the food waste-based hydrolysates, and production of the second generation food waste-based bioethanol fuels and, to a lesser extent, evaluation of the second generation food waste-based bioethanol fuels. Further, the most prolific food wastes have been fruit wastes, food wastes in general, vegetable wastes, dairy wastes, beverage wastes and, to a lesser extent, olive wastes and the most prolific fruit wastes have been empty fruit bunches, other fruit wastes, orange peels and, to a lesser extent, apple pomaces, banana peels, cashew apple bagasse, citrus peels, and pineapple waste. Further, the most prolific dairy and beverage wastes have been cheese whey and spent coffee grounds. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance research in this field. Scientometric analysis has been used in this context to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of research in this research field. As there have been no published scientometric studies in this field, this chapter presents a scientometric study of the research on the second generation food waste-based bioethanol fuels. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data and presents them in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, Scopus keywords, and research fronts.

66 Konur, O. 2023bf. Second generation food waste-based bioethanol fuels: Review. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 173-188. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 16 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol fuel production from the feedstocks through the hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates, respectively. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels has been the food wastes such as fruit, vegetable, beverage, and dairy wastes. The research in the field of the second generation food waste-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the food wastes, fermentation of the food waste-based hydrolysates, and the production of the second generation food waste-based bioethanol fuels. Further, the most-prolific food wastes have been fruit wastes and to a lesser extent other food wastes, and food wastes in general at the macro scale and empty fruit bunches, orange peels, citrus peels, beverage wastes (spent coffee grounds), vegetable wastes, cashew apple bagasse, pineapple waste, grapefruit peels, olive wastes (olive stones), fish wastes, banana peels, and dairy wastes (cheese whey) at the microscale. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a number of review papers on the food waste-based bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. Thus, this book chapter presents a review of these most-cited 25 articles. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.

Part 20. Second Generation Industrial Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels 45 pp.

67 Konur, O. 2023bg. Second generation industrial waste-based bioethanol fuels: Scientometric study. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 191-215. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 25 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. Bioethanol fuels also play a critical role in maintaining the energy security in the supply shocks related to oil price shocks, COVID-19 pandemics, or wars in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol production through the hydrolysis and fermentation of the biomass and hydrolysates, respectively. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels has been the industrial wastes such as milling, food processing, wood and paper, and other industrial wastes such as biodiesel industrial wastes. The research in the field of the second generation industrial waste-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the industrial wastes, fermentation of the industrial waste-based hydrolysates, and the production of the second generation industrial waste-based bioethanol fuels and to a lesser extent evaluation the second generation industrial waste-based bioethanol fuels. Further, milling industrial wastes and to a lesser extent, food processing industrial wastes, and other industrial wastes have been studied intensively in this context. Biodiesel industrial wastes, ethanol, brewing, plastic, textile, and leather industrial wastes have been these other industrial wastes, while the primary wood and paper industrial wastes have been wood chips, sawdust, and paper sludge. Similarly, the primary food industrial wastes have been the fruit, beverage, dairy, and vegetable wastes. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. The scientometric analysis has been used in this context to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in a selected research field. As there have been no published scientometric studies in this field, this book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in the second generation industrial waste-based bioethanol fuels. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, Scopus keywords, and research fronts.

68 Konur, O. 2023bh. Second generation industrial waste-based bioethanol fuels: Review. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 216-233. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 18 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol fuel production from the feedstocks through the hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels has been the industrial wastes such as milling, food processing, wood and paper, and other industrial wastes such as biodiesel industrial wastes. The research in the field of the second generation industrial waste-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the industrial wastes and to a lesser extent fermentation of the industrial waste-based hydrolysates, and production and evaluation of the second generation industrial waste-based bioethanol fuels. Further, milling and to a lesser extent biodiesel, food processing, wood and paper, ethanol, and brewing industrial wastes have been studied intensively in this context. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there has been a number of review papers on the industrial waste-based bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. Thus, this book chapter presents a review of these most-cited 25 articles. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.

Part 21. Second Generation Urban Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels 43 pp.

69 Konur, O. 2023bi. Second generation urban waste-based bioethanol fuels: Scientometric study. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 237-261. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 25 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. Bioethanol fuels also play a critical role in maintaining the energy security in the supply shocks related to oil price shocks, COVID-19 pandemics, or wars in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol production through the hydrolysis and fermentation of the biomass and hydrolysates, respectively. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels has been the urban wastes such as food, municipal solid, paper, textile, plastic, and wood wastes. The research in the field of the second generation urban waste-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the urban wastes, fermentation of the urban waste-based hydrolysates, and production and evaluation of the second generation urban waste-based bioethanol fuels. Further, food and to a lesser extent paper, municipal solid, plastic, textile, and wood wastes have been studied intensively in this context. On the other hand, the most prolific food wastes have been fruit wastes, food waste in general, and to a lesser extent vegetable, dairy, kitchen, beverage, and other food wastes. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. The scientometric analysis has been used in this context to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in a selected research field. As there have been no published scientometric studies in this field, this book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in the second generation urban waste-based bioethanol fuels. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, Scopus keywords, and research fronts.

70 Konur, O. 2023j. Second generation urban waste-based bioethanol fuels: Review. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 262-277. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 16 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol fuel production from the feedstocks through the hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels has been the urban wastes such as food, paper, textile, plastic, and wood wastes. The research in the field of second generation urban waste-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the urban wastes and to a lesser extent fermentation of the urban waste-based hydrolysates and production of second generation urban waste-based bioethanol fuels. Further, food and to a lesser extent paper, municipal solid, textile, plastic, and wood wastes have been studied intensively in this context, and the most prolific food wastes have been fruit wastes such as orange peel waste and to a lesser extent food waste in general, beverage wastes such as spent coffee grounds, other food wastes, vegetable wastes such as potato peels, dairy wastes such as cheese whey, and kitchen wastes in general such as waste meals and bread. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a limited number of review papers on the urban waste-based bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. Thus, this book chapter presents a review of these most-cited 25 articles. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.

Part 22. Second Generation Forestry Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels 44 pp.

71 Konur, O. 2023k. Second generation forestry waste-based bioethanol fuels: Scientometric study. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 281-304. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 24 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. Bioethanol fuels also play a critical role in maintaining the energy security in the supply shocks related to oil price shocks, COVID-19 pandemics, or wars in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol production through the hydrolysis and fermentation of the biomass and hydrolysates, respectively. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels has been the forestry wastes such as wood chips and to a lesser extent tree prunings, sawdust, bark, spent sulfite liquor, and wood wastes. The research in the field of second generation forestry waste-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the forestry wastes, and to a lesser extent fermentation of the forestry waste-based hydrolysates, and production and evaluation of second generation forestry waste-based bioethanol fuels. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. The scientometric analysis has been used in this context to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in a selected research field. As there have been no published scientometric studies in this field, this book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in second generation forestry waste-based bioethanol fuels. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of both these datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, Scopus keywords, and research fronts.

72 Konur, O. 2023l. Second generation forestry waste-based bioethanol fuels: Review. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 305-322. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 18 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol fuel production from the feedstocks through the hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels has been the forestry wastes. The research in the field of the second generation forestry waste-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the forestry wastes and to a lesser extent fermentation of the forestry waste-based hydrolysates, and production of the second generation forestry waste-based bioethanol fuels. Further, wood chips, forest residues, and to a lesser extent sawdust, tree prunings, bark, wood waste, and spent sulfite liquor have been studied intensively in this context. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a number of review papers on the forestry waste-based bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. Thus, this book chapter presents a review of these most-cited 25 articles. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.

Part 23. Lignocellulosic Biomass-based Bioethanol Fuels 58 pp.

73 Konur, O. 2023bm. Lignocellulosic biomass-based bioethanol fuels: Scientometric study. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 325-349. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 25 pp.

The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. Bioethanol fuels also play a critical role in maintaining the energy security in the supply shocks related to oil price shocks, COVID-19 pandemics, or wars in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol production through the hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels has been the lignocellulosic biomass at large. The research in the field of the lignocellulosic biomass-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass and to a lesser extent hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass, fermentation of the lignocellulosic biomass-based hydrolysates, and production and evaluation of the lignocellulosic biomass-based bioethanol fuels. Thus, it emerges as a distinctive research field, complementing the research on the second generation bioethanol fuels from the agricultural residues as well as food, industrial, urban, and forestry wastes among others. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. The scientometric analysis has been used in this context to inform the primary stakeholders about the current state of the research in a selected research field. As there have been no published scientometric studies in this field, this book chapter presents a scientometric study of the research in the lignocellulosic biomass-based bioethanol fuels. It examines the scientometric characteristics of both the sample and population data presenting scientometric characteristics of these both datasets in the order of documents, authors, publication years, institutions, funding bodies, source titles, countries, Scopus subject categories, Scopus keywords, and research fronts.

74 Konur, O. 2023bn. Lignocellulosic biomass-based bioethanol fuels: Review. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, Ed. O. Konur, pp. 350-367. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 18 pp.

Crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in fuel cells, and in biochemical production in a biorefinery context. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to bioethanol fuel production from feedstocks through the hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates. One of the most studied feedstocks for bioethanol fuels has been the lignocellulosic biomass at large. Research in the field of lignocellulosic biomass-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of pretreatment and hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass, and to a lesser extent fermentation of the lignocellulosic biomass-based hydrolysates and production and evaluation of the lignocellulosic biomass-based bioethanol fuels. Thus, it emerges as a distinctive research field, complementing primarily the research on the second generation bioethanol fuels from agricultural residues as well as food, industrial, urban, and forestry wastes among others as well as from grass and wood. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a number of review papers on the lignocellulosic biomass-based bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the 25 most cited articles in this field. Thus, this book chapter presents a review of these 25 most cited articles. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on future research priorities in this field.

• Mendieta, C.M.; Kruyeniski, J.; Vallejos, M.E., Area, M.C. (2023) Production and uses of bioethanol in an integrated biorefinery from agro- and forest-industrial waste. In Feedstock-based Bioethanol Fuel Production II. Waste Feedstocks: Agricultural, Food, Industrial, Urban, Forestry, and Lignocellulosic Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels, Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels: Production and Utilization Volume 4, O. Konur, pp. 368-380. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 13 pp. Carolina M. Mendieta, Julia Kruyeniski, María E. Vallejos, María C. Area

There is a global trend of substituting fossil fuels for renewable energy sources due to the negative impact generated on the environment. Agro- and forest-industrial waste such as sugarcane bagasse and glycerol could supply the growing energy demands worldwide. A sustainable alternative is the production of second generation (2G) bioethanol fuels employing lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) with high availability and low cost, and that does not compete with food production. Currently, there are initiatives by industry and governments for commercializing lignocellulosic ethanol production. The feasibility and risk studies are being analyzed to achieve its development and industrial implementation. On the other hand, the most promising derivatives from 2G bioethanol are being identified and assessed to determine their sustainability concerning petrochemical conversion. This chapter reviews the research on the production and utilization of bioethanol fuels from the LCB based on the agro- and forest-industrial wastes.